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General information

Population : 37.05 milion people (38th in the World, 3rd in North America)
Total Area : 9.98 mil km^2 (2nd in the World, 1st in North America)
Official languages : English, French
Official currency : Canadian dollar(CAD)
Capital : Ottawa
Population density : 3,9 people/km^2 (240th in the World, 35th in North America)
Top 5 biggest cities : Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa


Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy, the monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The Canadian monarchy is a separate legal institution from the monarchy of the United Kingdom, though the two offices are held by the same individual.The sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also monarch of 15 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's 10 provinces. As such, the Queen's representative, the Governor General of Canada, carries out most of the federal royal duties in Canada.

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories. In turn, these may be grouped into four main regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada. Provinces have more autonomy than territories, having responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, an almost unique structure among federations in the world. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas, such as the Canada Health Act; the provinces can opt out of these, but rarely do so in practice. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure that reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.


National sport : Hockey

Lacrosse



National animal : Beaver(Castor canadensis)



National plant : Maple tree






The significance of the 1st of July

Canada Day is the national day of Canada. A federal statutory holiday, it celebrates the anniversary of the July 1, 1867, coming into force of the Constitution Act, 1867 (then called the British North America Act, 1867), which united the three separate colonies of the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a single Dominion within the British Empire called Canada.

Originally called Dominion Day, the holiday was renamed in 1982, the year the Canada Act was passed. Canada Day celebrations take place throughout the country, as well as in various locations around the world, attended by Canadians living abroad.









Time for a few scary legends from all across Canada, hope you like them…

Chasse-galerie is the tale of a group of people who need to travel a great distance. So they make a deal with Satan, allowing their canoe to fly through the air quickly. They can use to to travel but they are not allowed to mention the name of Jesus, otherwise Satan will claim their souls. But they get drunk on rum during the journey and their navigator starts shouting the names of God and Jesus. The other crew members try to stop him. But in doing so, they crash the canoe and fall to the ground. The fall knocks them unconsciousness and they only awaken after they had been taken to hell.

There is also a movie taken after this legend, enjoy it.


There is a mysterious place called Oak Island. On this island is a strange pit. The pit seems to be man made and several people have been digging into the pit over the past 150 years. It has long been believed that there is treasure buried at the bottom of the Oak Island money pit. Several people have died in the booby-trapped pit, and many fortunes have been lost digging for the treasure. Still today no one knows what lies at the bottom of the pit, or who constructed it. Today there is a whole reality tv show telling to story of modern companies digging in the money pit. Many legends surround the pit. There are two most famous legends. The first is that the treasure will only be found when there are no more oak trees left on the island – and today just one oak tree remains. The other legend is that the treasure will only be found when 7 people die searching for it – and 6 people have died so far. This is among the few Canadian legends to be well known world wide.


The ghost ship of Northumberland Strait is Canada’s most well known ghost ship. Sightings usually describe a three-mast vessel that suddenly becomes set on fire as witnesses watch. There are several accounts in recent history when other ships thought they were witnessing a real ship on fire. So they approach the ghost ship in an attempt to rescue the crew on board. This was the case in the year 1900. The ship disappear before the eyed of those trying to reach it and no trace was found. People have been reporting the ship for over 200 years, and it doesn’t seem like that’s going to stop any time soon.


Young Teazer was an American ship which was destroyed during the war of 1812. It was wrecked in Nova Scotia, which is where some believe it can still be seen today. Local legend tells of the “ Teazer Ghost Ship” – it can be seen as a glowing ghostly ship on fire floating through the water on misty mornings. There are many different versions of the ghost story. Some say the ghostly crew are constantly reliving the horrible way in which they died. The legend is further enshrined in popular culture by the fact that the Young Teazer was a licences pirate ship. So it’s a ghostly pirate ship.


The Cressie is said to be a water monster that lives in Robert’s Arm, which is in Newfoundland. It’s believed to live deep underwater, and be 15 foot long. The creature was believed in by native peoples and it wasn’t long before European settlers started reporting encounters with it. A few decades ago, two men saw an overturned boat floating in the lake. They approached it to see that it wasn’t a boat at all. It was a moving, living creature. When it noticed them it dived deep into the water and they didn’t see it again. There are so many reported encounters just like that. Native Canadians believed it could shape shift to avoid being hunted.


I am sure there are more stories, so feel free to look them up.. or if you are canadian and know more, to share them.




Top 10 places visited by tourists


Vancouver





Stanley Park





Situated between the Coast Mountains and the Pacific Ocean in British Columbia, Vancouver is favored for its majestic landscapes that present a natural playground where tourists can swim in the ocean, rollerblade through scenic parks and snow ski in the mountains all in one day. The third largest metropolitan area in the country, Vancouver is one of the most poplar places to visit in Canada. Vancouver’s star attraction is Stanley Park which covers a huge area of woodlands, gardens and green spaces. Some of the city’s other top sites include Granville Island’s remarkable food market and Chinatown’s vibrant array of shops.



Banff National Park










Located in the province of Alberta, the Banff National Park is not only Canada’s first national park, but also one of the nation’s largest and most visited national parks. The park’s breathtaking scenery and wildlife draw many tourists every year along the Trans-Canada Highway, which passes through the park. Banff National Parks large concentration of wildlife includes mammals like black bears, grizzly bears, bison, moose, bighorn sheep, wolves and bald eagles.


Niagara Falls, Ontario








Niagara Falls is a series of three awe-inspiring waterfalls situated on the border of Canada’s Ontario and the United States’ New York. The Ontario side of the Falls is called Horseshoe Falls and offers the best views and most attractions. The immediate area surrounding the Falls is a premier tourist spot teeming in observation towers, restaurants, souvenir shops, casinos and high-rise hotels. One of the best places to view the Niagara Falls on the Ontario side is from Queen Victoria Park where the Falls are illuminated and fireworks are displayed nightly during the summer.



Montreal






Olympic Tower


Old Town

The second largest city in Canada after Toronto, Montreal is the cultural and financial capital of the Quebec province. Boasting the largest French-speaking community outside of Paris, France, Montreal is a bustling metropolis comprised of a downtown district, a historic quarter, entertainment district and several distinctive neighborhoods. Montreal’s main sights include downtown skyscrapers like the Olympic Tower, the historic buildings of Old Montreal and several family attractions like theme and water parks.



Toronto




CN Tower


Casa Loma




The capital of Ontario, Toronto is the most populated city in Canada as well as one of the largest cities in North America. With a large number of ethnic districts like Chinatown, Little India and Little Italy, Toronto is also one of the world’s most culturally diverse cities. The city’s main tourist draws range from impressive landmarks such as the iconic CN Tower and the fairy tale castle of Casa Loma. Additionally, the Toronto Islands are a popular destination with beaches and outdoor activities.


Quebec City





Quebec City may be the capital of the Quebec province in eastern Canada, but its French heritage, architecture and language make it appear more like a charming European village. Perched on a hill overlooking the St. Lawrence River is Vieux Quebec, the city’s historic district. A walk along the cobblestone streets of the Old City offers encounters with attractions like the Citadel and the Place-Royale, the area where explorer, Samuel de Camplain, established the first North American-French settlement. The city’s icon, the stunning Chateau Frontenac, is regarded as the most photographed hotel in North America and offers tours even without an overnight stay.


Vancouver Island







Vancouver Island, named after the British explorer George Vancouver, is the largest island off the West Coast of the North American continent. Located across from Washington State, it is accessible by ferry through the San Juan Islands from Anacortes, from Port Angeles on the state’s Olympic Peninsula, or from Vancouver on mainland British Columbia. Vancouver Island is famous for the quaint city of Victoria, the gorgeous Butchart Gardens, the surf town of Tofino and the wilderness in the north, where one can catch a ferry to Prince Rupert, and another to Alaska from there.


Whistler







Thanks to a couple of spectacular mountains called Whistler and Blackcomb, the Whistler resort is the largest and most famous alpine ski destination in North America. Located in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia in western Canada, Whistler is a two-hour trip from Vancouver along Canada’s most scenic drive, the Sea-to-Sky Highway. At the base of the two mountains are three quaint villages, Whistler Village, Creekside and Upper Village. The Peak 2 Peak gondola transports visitors from the villages to the mountains.



Ottawa








Located at the confluence of the Ottawa, Gatineau and Rideau rivers in southeastern Ontario, Ottawa is the capital of Canada. As the nation’s capital, Ottawa is home to many financial, commercial and federal establishments including Parliament Hill, the government seat where the ceremonial Changing of the Guard takes place daily during the summer. Running right through the heart of the city, the Rideau Canal is Ottawa’s star attraction. In winter the canal becomes the world’s largest ice skating ring.



Calgary







The largest city in Alberta, Calgary is situated between the Canadian Prairies and the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. After oil was discovered nearby in the early 1900s, Calgary boomed into what is now one of Canada’s largest metropolitan areas, attracting thousands every year to its world-famous rodeo event, the Calgary Stampede. This Old West celebration is held over ten days in July with rodeos, chuckwagon races, parades, competitions, crafts and food.









Inventions Canada gave to the world!

*Lightbulb!
*by Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans in 1874


*Basketball!
*by James Naismith in 1891


*Goalie Mask!
*by Jacques Plante in 1959


*Java programming language!
*by James Gosling in 1991




*Motorized Wheelchair!
*by George Klein in 1953










Famous people from Canada


Wayne Gretzky - is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach. He played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for four teams from 1979 to 1999. Nicknamed "The Great One", he has been called "the greatest hockey player ever" by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself. Gretzky is the leading scorer in NHL history, with more goals and assists than any other player. He garnered more assists than any other player scored total points, and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times. In addition, Gretzky tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons, 14 of them consecutive. At the time of his retirement in 1999 and persisting through 2017, he holds 61 NHL records: 40 regular season records, 15 playoff records, and six All-Star records.


(born 1961)


Alexander Graham Bell - was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.


(1847 - 1922)


Sir John Alexander Macdonald - was the first Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891). The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, he had a political career which spanned almost half a century.

In 1864, when no party proved capable of governing for long, Macdonald agreed to a proposal from his political rival, George Brown, that the parties unite in a Great Coalition to seek federation and political reform. Macdonald was the leading figure in the subsequent discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act and the birth of Canada as a nation on 1 July 1867. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer.


(1815 - 1891)



Don Cherry - Donald Stewart Cherry is a Canadian ice hockey commentator. He is a sports writer, as well as a retired professional hockey player and NHL coach. Cherry co-hosts the "Coach's Corner" intermission segment (with Ron MacLean) on the long-running Canadian sports program Hockey Night in Canada which airs on Sportsnet, City and CBC. He has also worked for ESPN in the United States as a commentator during the latter stages of the Stanley Cup playoffs. Nicknamed Grapes, he is a Canadian icon known for his outspoken manner and opinions, flamboyant dress, and staunch Canadian nationalism. By the 2017–18 NHL season, Cherry and MacLean have hosted Coach's Corner for 33 seasons.


(born 1934)


Lester B Pearson - was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis. He was the 14th Prime Minister of Canada from 22 April 1963 to 20 April 1968, as the head of two back-to-back Liberal minority governments following elections in 1963 and 1965.


(1897 - 1972)







Traditional food


Poutine



Crispy fries, squeaky cheese curds and rich gravy all combine to create the meal of dreams, and this French Canadian food is so popular that it can now be found all around the world.

Bannock



Delicious and versatile, bannock is a simple bread that was once a key staple in the diets of Canada’s Aboriginal people.


Nova Scotia Lobster Roll



Canada is a massive country, with spectacular seafood from coast to coast. Not-to-be-missed experiences include Atlantic and Pacific salmon, smoked salmon, arctic char, and of course, East Coast lobsters. Nova Scotian lobster rolls are a Canadian favourite.


Montreal-style Smoked Meat



Similar to pastrami, Montreal’s smoked meat is the heavenly result of beef brisket salted and cured for a week with a range of spices, before being smoked and steamed to perfection. It’s usually served in a rye bread sandwich smeared with tangy yellow mustard, but you’ll also see it as a topping for poutine.

Peameal bacon



This special Canadian twist on bacon is made from lean boneless pork loin, which is trimmed, wet-cured and then rolled in cornmeal, giving it its distinctive yellow crust.


Split Pea Soup



With Québécois origins, split pea soup is traditionally composed of peas, pork and herbs blended together for pure, creamy deliciousness.


Tourtière



Recipes vary regionally and by family, but pork, veal, beef and game are popular choices of meat to fill the pie.


Game Meat


Depending on where you are in the country, game meat may feature heavily. Though not as common in big cities, the likes of venison, caribou and moose are often used as the main meat in certain meals. There are even moose tacos!




Traditional desserts

Butter tarts



Butter tarts are so simple, but oh so good. They’re made by taking flaky pastry shells and filling them with a butter, sugar and egg filling. This is traditional Canadian food at its best, and you’ll be craving these long after you’ve left the country.


Saskatoon berry pie



The Saskatoon berry is often described as having a sweet and almondy flavour, which makes it an ideal candidate for the perfect pie.


Beavertails



Imagine a slab of delicious, deep-fried dough, covered in a variety of toppings like Nutella, Reese’s Pieces, peanut butter and more. While it’s not exactly a traditional Canadian food, beavertails are gooey, crispy and a taste of true perfection. No visit to Canada is complete without one!


Tire d’érable sur la neige



It truly does not get more Canadian than tire d’érable (or maple taffy). This sugary sweet candy is prepared by pouring boiling maple syrup over snow, where the cold causes it to immediately harden. You’re then meant to roll it up with a popsicle stick and enjoy immediately. The result is a rich maple flavour, with a soft, gooey texture – the dessert of dreams!


Nanaimo Bars



Named after the British Columbian city of Nanaimo, these three layered slices of heaven require no baking and are comprised of a crumb base layer, custard and a thin layer of chocolate on top, which gives the bar a perfect crunch.


Pouding chômeur



Made up of cake batter topped with hot syrup, the end result is a deliciously sweet treat that cures all woes.



Traditional drinks

Caesar Cocktail

The Caesar is Canada’s national cocktail. Made of vodka, clamato juice, Tabasco and Worcestershire sauce, the Canadian take on the Bloody Mary makes the absolute best brunch companion.







Interesting facts about Canada


1.Kanata is the St. Lawrence-Iroquoian word for "village" or "settlement."
2.The border between Canada and the United States is officially known as the International Boundary. At 5,525 miles, including 1,538 miles between Canada and Alaska, it is the world's longest border between two nations.
3.The east coast of Canada was settled by Vikings around the year A.D. 1000. Archaeological evidence of a settlement has been found at L'anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland.
4.Newfoundland was the first part of Canada to be explored by Europeans. Ironically, it was the last area to become a province, in 1949.
5.Alert, in Nunavut territory, is the northernmost permanent settlement in the world.
6.The Mounted Police were formed in 1873, with nine officers. In 1920, the Mounted Police merged with the Dominion Police to become the famous Royal Canadian Mounted Police, an organization that now has more than 28,000 members.
7.Canada has the longest coastline of any country in the world at 151,600 miles.
8.North America's lowest recorded temperature was -63 C at Snag, Yukon Territory, on February 3, 1947.
9.Canada contains 9% of the world's renewable water supply.
10.The Moosehead Brewery in Saint John, New Brunswick, turns out 1,642 bottles of beer per minute.






My 5 words when I hear about the Canada:
#Snow,#Hockey,#MappleSyrup,#Politness,#Terence&Philip

What are your 5?





Special thanks to the canadian comunity and a little message from them:











I leave you with some Canadian memes:


















Waiting for feedback , comments , opinions and if there is anyone that thinks I missed something , I could do something better or just wants to help me with this project , PM me !

Special thanks to Kariky for the spacers !!




Hope you enjoyed and see you next time!

P.S. Article 57/74!









P.S.2. Don't forget to push the flags !