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Battle of Chaeronea: Philip II leads the Macedonian army to defeat an alliance of Greek city-states led primarily by the combined forces of Athens and Thebes. This victory ensures Macedonian hegemony in Greece and across the Aegean Sea.

Philip II of Macedon had marched into Greece in 339 BCE to subdue Athens, which had been agitating against Macedonian power.

The Battle of Chaeronea represents the culmination of these efforts, but as it quickly becomes a rout, the larger conflict between Macedon and the rebellious Greek city-states ends abruptly.

Philip II imposes his own terms on Greece, making them all allies of each other as well as of Macedon. This effectively unites all the Greek city-states under his rule, making their military forces available for the war with the Persian Empire which he has been planning.

Philip II is assassinated before he can take charge of his invasion; his son, Alexander, will take command of the Greek and Macedonian invasion of Asia.