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勾踐

生平

初嚐敗績
勾踐即位後稱王，吳王闔閭乘機攻越。越國派犯了死罪的人排成三列走到吳軍陣前，高聲呼喊後拔劍集體自殺，越軍趁吳國軍隊觀看的時候猛攻，於槜李大敗吳軍，闔閭被射傷了指頭，不久後因傷重而死。闔閭臨終遺囑其子夫差：「必毋亡越！」夫差即位為吳王之後，勵精圖治準備攻越報仇。勾踐不聽范蠡勸阻，倉促下搶先出兵攻吳，在夫椒（今江蘇吳縣西南太湖中）大敗。吳軍佔領越都會稽，將勾踐圍困在會稽山。范蠡建議勾踐用卑辭厚禮向吳求降，如若不允，就由勾踐親自去吳國做人質。勾踐採納了這一建議，一面準備死戰，一面派文種向吳王求和，用財寶賄賂吳太宰伯嚭，並獻上美女西施。夫差在伯嚭勸說下與越國議和，率軍回國。勾踐向越國臣民下詔罪己，然後去吳國給夫差作奴僕，親嚐糞便，最終騙得夫差的信任，三年後被釋放回越國。

臥薪嘗膽
勾踐回國後發誓復仇滅吳，臥薪嘗膽[4]，休養生息，重用范蠡、文種等人，「十年生聚、十年教訓」。《史記·貨殖列傳》說：「計然之策七，越用其五而得意。」又說：「修之十年，國富，厚賂戰士。士赴矢石，如渴得飲。遂報強吳，觀兵中國，稱號五霸。」一年，越國向吳國進貢蒸熟的種子，使第二年吳國大飢，削弱了吳國的國力。

消滅吳國及稱霸
前482年，勾踐趁夫差北上黃池爭霸，趁虛而入，攻入吳都姑蘇，殺吳太子。夫差返國後被迫向勾踐求和。不久，勾踐再次攻吳。勾踐二十四年（前473年），越軍圍困吳都三年後終於破城。夫差困於姑蘇山上，求降不得而自殺，吳亡。勾踐隨後北上遷都琅琊，與齊國、晉國等諸侯會盟於徐州（今山東滕縣南），「越兵橫行於江、淮東，諸侯畢賀，號稱霸王」，「泗上十二諸侯，皆率九夷以朝」[5]。經周元王正式承認為霸主。[6]

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紀元前496年、越を強勢に築き上げた父の允常が逝去すると、太子勾践が後を継いだ。宿敵の允常の訃報を聞いた呉王闔閭は喪中に服した越を滅ぼすべく大軍を率いて攻め込んだ。しかし、檇李（現・浙江省嘉興市）で、范蠡の奇策によって呉軍は大敗し、越の武将霊姑孚が放った矢で片足を破傷した闔閭はこれが原因で陣没する。代わって太子の夫差が呉王として即位した。
夫差は、伍子胥の補佐を得て呉を建て直し、越に攻め込んで今度は越を滅亡寸前までに追い詰めた。
勾践は范蠡の進言に従って夫差に和を請い、夫差は伍子胥の猛烈な反対を押し切ってこれを受け入れた。勾践は呉に赴き夫差の召し使いとして仕えることになったが、范蠡の工作により程なくして越に戻ることになった。 勾践はこのときの悔しさを忘れず、部屋に苦い肝を吊るして毎日のようにそれを舐めて呉に対する復讐を誓った。前述の夫差と合わせて臥薪嘗胆という故事の元となった逸話である。
越は着々と国力を蓄え、夫差が中原の会盟に出かけたときを狙って呉に攻め込んだ。呉の太子友は斬られ、夫差は慌てて呉へ引き返してきたが、これより4年後に呉は越に滅ぼされることになる。
呉を滅ぼした勾践は、越の都を現在の江蘇省の連雲港に遷し、更に諸侯を会盟して中原の覇者となった。
ただ、覇者となった勾践は讒言を信じるようになり腹心の范蠡が去り文種を自殺させたりと越を衰退させる結果となった。

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The war between Wu and Yue comprised several separate phases. It was started when a Yue princess, who was married to one of the princes of the neighbouring State of Wu, left her husband and fled back to the country of Yue. This became the spark for the war to come.
Upon the death of Yunchang and the accession of Goujian, King Helü of Wu seized the opportunity and launched an attack on Yue. At the Battle of Zuili (槜李之战), however, Yue defeated Wu, and King Helü was mortally wounded; before his death he instructed his son, King Fuchai of Wu, "Never forget Yue!" Yue would be defeated three years later by a resurgent Wu, and Goujian captured, to serve as Fuchai's servant for three years until he was eventually allowed to return to his native state.
Upon resuming his rule King Goujian quickly appointed skilled politicians as advisors, such as Wen Zhong and Fan Li, to help build up the kingdom. During this time, his ministers also worked to weaken the State of Wu internally through bribes and diplomatic intrigue.
Whilst ruling his kingdom, Goujian never relished kingly riches, but instead ate food suited for peasants, as well as forcing himself to taste bile, in order to remember his humiliations while serving under the State of Wu. The second half of a Chinese idiom, wòxīnchángdǎn (臥薪嚐膽 "sleeping on sticks and tasting gall"), refers to Goujian's perseverance.
After ten years of economic and political reforms the last phase of the war began, by which time the State of Yue had come a long way from its previous defeat; as described in the Shiji, Ten years of reforms; the state is rich, the warriors well-rewarded. The soldiers charge in the face of arrows like thirsty men heading for drink... making use of Fuchai's expedition to struggle with Jin for hegemony Goujian led his army and successfully attacked the Wu capital, killing the crown prince. In the 24th year of his reign (473 BCE), Goujian led another expedition, laying siege to the capital for three years before it fell. When a surrender from Fuchai was refused, he committed suicide, and Wu was annexed by Yue. After his victory, Goujian ruthlessly killed Fuchai's scholars and his own scholars who helped him, not allowing himself to make the same mistake Fuchai had made by sparing the lives of his enemies.
King Goujian's army was known for scaring its enemies before battle by forcing its front line, composed of criminals sentenced to death, to commit suicide by decapitating themselves.[1]

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That's why eJapan regain all the regions.

其實我是想看看會不會吃FP
Btw, the reason why I post this this is that I am wondering whether Admin will give me FP or not


駐台日本大使 - 新垣 あやせ
Ambassador of eJapan to eRoC - Aragaki Ayase