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Georgia





country located in Caucasus, first known Georgian state was Diauehi or Diaokhi(13th century BC) than Colchis(8th century BC) and Iberia(6th century BC)in 4th century BC was established first united Georgian kingdom under one king and aristocratic hierarchy. In Greece mythology, Colchis was known as the location of Golden Fleece. In 66 BC Georgia was conquered by Roman empire, times were difficult for Georgia and Georgian people, before Pharasmanes II became king, he let north Caucasian tribes come down and fight with him and with this power he managed to give both Romans and Ottomans a big damage, after this Roman empire and Georgian kingdom became allies for about 250 years, also Pharasmanes II guested Rome in the time of Roman emperor Hadrian and was the only king in the history, who had a statue of himself in the Rome as he had huge respect from Hadrian.
In 337 AD king Mirian III declared Christianity as the state religion, it was influenced by Roman empire.
King Vakhtang I, who founded Tbilisi(479 AD) capital city of Georgia, he had alliance with Byzantine empire and had a war together against Sassanid Iran, after many important wins, he died on the battlefield and this weakened Georgia, from 7th to 10th century Georgian kingdom had war against Khazar empire and many years were losing and returning some of their territories, but in the 9th century Georgia was conquered by Arabs, they also had taken capital city Tbilisi.


BEGINNING OF GOLDEN AGE


In 1089, king David IV became king of Georgia



At this moment Georgia was divided and conquered, David (16 at that moment) started his campaign, he connected with heads of other Georgian parts and started to return its parts one by one, after he returned all west Georgia and parts of east Georgia, he declared Kutaisi as the capital city while Tbilisi was conquered. David opened ways from north Caucasus and let Kipchaks settle in Georgia, to have more men for war against Seljuks, than he attacked Tbilisi and for the first time after centuries Georgia became united again. Georgia gained huge influence on Caucasus and David also conquered some of historic Georgian lands which were controlled by Seljuks, they were concerned by increasing of Georgian influence and power and than battle of Didgori hapened, Seljuks gathered a large coalition of Muslim states led by the Artuqid Najm al-din El-ğazi and Toğrul b. Muhammad, size of the army is still in debates, but it is in the range of 300 000 - 600 000 men, against Georgian 56 000 men containing Georgian soldiers, Kipchaks, Armenians and 200 French/English crusaders, after, this battle was named as "Battle Of Didgori" a "Miraculous Victory", David sent 200 Georgian soldiers to enemy's camp as traitors and while Georgian attack this 200 men started battle right in the middle of their enemy, this moved Seljuks to panic and they lost battle in 3 hours. This was the beginning of the "Golden Age" and king David (declared Saint) was followed by King Tamar "King Of Kings",



While she was a king, Georgia became strongest and reached its biggest territory influence in history.



In two decades after Tamar's death Mongols attacked Georgia and everything around, they conquered Georgia for about 100 years, before George V "The Brilliant" became king, he expelled Mongols from Georgian territory and reunited it, he became the last king of united Georgia, after his death Georgia was weakened with huge amount of attacks by Black and White sheep Turkomans, after all this attacks Georgia became divided into 4 parts: Kakhetian Kingdom, Imeretian Kingdom, Kartlian Kingdom and Atabaghty of Samcxe.
While Georgia was divided dream about united Georgia still was in the minds of some people, one of them was Erekle II, he united kingdoms of Kakheti and Kartli and created a great lodgement to fight against Persian empire, Erekle knew Georgia was in a bad situation and he needed help, so he made Treaty of Georgievsk with Russians, with this treaty Russia became protector of Georgia, as a price Erekle gave them a road through Georgia, also he was responsible for north Caucasian people and Russian king was the one who was choosing next king of Georgia, at first Russian soldiers were helping against Persian attacks, but than they left Georgia and left it alone against an empire. After many battles in 1801 Russia annexed eastern Georgia and in 1803 western Georgia, they abolished Bagrationi dynasty and autocephaly of Georgian church and Georgia was conquered by Russia for about 117 years. In this time there were no politicians or Georgian soldiers, there were only writers and intelligentsia, they had their words against enemy's swords and guns, one of the many were Saint Ilia the Righteous, he established first newspaper that was against Russian occupation and was giving a true information about everything, also it was a newspaper for writers who were writing in Georgian(Georgian language was banned and it wasn't taught in schools). Also i need to mention Vaja-Pshavela (Luka Razikashvili) he was from high mountains of Caucasus, he was writing in the dialect of that place and it was strange even for other Georgian writers and poets, but after his death he was declared as a genius, even by writers who were laughing about his dialect.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND USSR


In 1917 started Russian revolution and on 26th may 1918 Georgia declared its independence.





struggling Armenia started war against Georgia in 1918, war was won by Giorgi Mazniashvili "The Unbeatable General" (in time of USSR war battlefield owned by Georgia became neutral zone), Georgian politicians were going to Europe to gain recognition, but civil war in Russia was finished, after Lenin's disease, Stalin became a leader, red army attacked Azerbaijan and Armenia and after that red army attacked Georgia from Azerbaiajan, Armenia and Abkhazia, unbeatable general Giorgi Mazniashvili was defending great, but Georgian government left Georgia and war was lost, Georgia became soviet country,after this occupation small group leaded by Qaixosro Cholokashvili(National Hero Of Georgia),he was helped by north Caucasian people, he had a plan for revolution, but nothing came out from this and he died in France,with undying dream about united Georgia.

SOVIET GEORGIA


for 70 years Georgian people were under pressure as other countries, many people were resetteled to other parts of Russia, many were killed for talking too much, that wasn't enough in World War II after Russians, Georgia is coming second by percentage of lost people, after and before WW II many people were running from soviet Georgia, one of the most known is Alexander Kartveli, he influenced the military aircraft system of USA and created part of system that is used today in flights all over the world.

GEORGIA 1989-2015





Year 1989 was the beginning of the end, soviet union became weak and on 9th April thousands of Georgians gathered in front of Parliament to say that they want independence.



this was one of the most memorable days in the near history of Georgia, at midnight Russian army with tanks, attacked this people and while attack, 21 died and hundreds were injured, 9th April became "Day Of National Unity" and it is an annual public holiday.
On the 9th April of 1991 Georgia declared independence.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qoo2OYM9zo


From 1989 to 1993 Russians stirred up Abkhazians(known as Aspny who lived in north Caucasus and where resettled in Abkhazia), Ossetians(also lived in north Caucasus in old Albania/Alania, were also resettled in Georgia) and also Georgian enemies of Georgian government working on Russians, they started civil war at that moment when Georgia had war in Abkhazia,civil war had two sides one was president Zviad Gamsaxurdia and other side was Tengiz Kitovani former minister of defence under president Gamsaxurdia. government was weakened and former soviet union minister of foreign affairs, Eduard Shevardnadze came back to Tbilisi from Moscow and than became Georgia's second President, under a great pressure from Russia, Georgia lost the war.

In 2003, after a difficult 90s, started a revolution later called "Rose Revolution" thousands of people came out on the streets to change the government





The new government under president Mikheil Saakashvili started to rebuild the country,they have chosen west over Russia, Georgia was improving its economy, tourism,infrastructure and military and in 2008, in July Ossetian separatists started a fire against Georgian villages, Georgia answered with a fire on Tskinvali and than as a protector, Russia attacked Georgia, with idea of full occupation, but Georgian geopolitical importance made its move and Russia had to move back after this 5 day war, Russia declared independence of Abkhazia and "South Ossetia"(former territory of Kartli region called Samachablo), recognition came from Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, all other countries in the world recognize Abkhazia and Samachablo as Georgian territories.

After 2008, Georgia continues its improvement, in 2012 first time in the history Georgian government was changed in a free election way.
Today Georgia is one of the best places in the world to visit, after many adverts all over the world, Georgia is also known as the birthplace of the wine, as the birthplace of the first European Homo-Georgicus (discovered in 2001), Georgia is a small country, but with changing climate, from the west with subtropical meeting with continental from the east, you can relax here in every part of the year.

For example in Gudauri to ski




Batumi as a sea resort



Or maybe high mountains of Caucasus for a fresh air in Kazbegi





Georgia became a beautiful country, but with some problems will it be outside or inside of the country, but a dream that was born thousands of years ago, is still living and we are waiting for a day, when we will be united again.