Join the new world

Hello all, welcome to the new article (after quite a long time). On February 21, 2019, the UN will celebrate the International Day of the Native Language. eBrazil has invited us and other countries of the game to participate with them in this celebration. For the beginning I must admit I am not good novelist so I will be more factual than literary.

Czech is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group. Czech language and Slovak language are mutual intelligible at very high level. Czech language has around 10,7 mio. of speakers as main language and 2,5 mio. of speakers as secondary language (mainly emigrants and their descendants or people which are long living abroad).

Emerge
In 862 AD Rastislav, Prince of Great Moravia, requested Emperor Michael III and the Patriarch Photius to send missionaries to evangelize his Slavic subjects and make current church independent of the Frankish monks (Frankishs were excpelled by Rastislav afterwards). In 863 AD Cyril and Methodius from Byzantine empire translated the Bible into newly created language Old Church Slavonic (they also created a new alphabet) and went to Great Moravia to promote it. They were highly successfull with this effort and people accepted all the new things very well and as theirs own. In 864 AD Louis II. the German attacked the Great Moravia and Rastislav with other knights besieged on Děvín castle accepted a vesselage request and accepted Frankish monks to return back. Soon after monks were returned disorder among people started because of 2 incomatible churchs were exists and Old Slavonic became more and more popular because it has been closer to the people.

Struggle for independence and rights
In 1415 Jan Hus, preacher and scholar has been appointed to council in Konstanz to defend his point of view about faith and his interpretation of it. There has been some worries about he will be accused as a heretic on the council so Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor has given the "Proposal of defense" (I don't know exact naming of it, ... glejt in Czech) to get certainty of personal security. He arrived to council and after 2 days of discussions he has been accused of heresy, put to jail and court, tortured and 6 July 1415 he has been burned at the stake alive.

In 1419 the King Wenceslaus IV. dying. According to heir to the throne the new ruler should be Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. This resulted in renewing troubles and unrests in Prague which went to deep just when Pope of Roman Catholic Church and other Catholic Church supporters even inside of Czech nobles made a plea for Sigismund.

Just at that time Hussite community formed a major spontaneous military power with centre in Tábor under Jan Žižka.
On July 1420 in Battle of Vítkov Hill Sigismund has been defeated and he is leaving a Prague. A few weeks later castles (Vyšehrad and Hradčany) in hold of his supporters capitulated due to famine. Sigismund tried to get castles back but he has been defeated near Pankrác and Hussites controlled almost whole Bohemia. The first of five anti-Hussite crusade has been crushed.

Utraquists (church; Calixtinism) which were firstly on Hussites side (and idea principles were partialy of principles of Hussites) are around 1423 after internal dispute now less interested in wars.

Hussites in the time of Hussite wars also arranged a few spontaneous rides to Holy Roman Empere to raid property partially for war funding, partially for extending of faith ideas to other countries.

At the end of the Hussite Wars in 1431 the whole land has been destroyed so even in year 1470 there has been a signs of previous wars.

In 1458 George of Poděbrady became the King of Bohemia and he has been respected despite of he had many opponents (scholars in Europe, neighbour countries rulers, German cities in Moravia). He has been criticised as heretic and being low rank aristocrat to be a king. He supported Utraquism and wanted Pope to accept Council of Florence "compact statements". Pope strictly refused requests of George's delegates. George openly became a herretic from Pope's point of view.

In 1466 George has been stripped of realm by Pope and new crusade has been arranged.
Matthias Corvinus (a former son-in-law of George) of Hungary started several battles to get Bohemia throne for himself. Matthias has been successfully accepted to be a king by knights in Olomouc. George tried to negotiate with Jagiellonian dynasty to accept a realm rights from him but he suddenly died.

George is probably 1st statesman who thought and discussed with other rulers to form some multi state organization of catholic states with common help and mutual non-interference (some equalities with nowadays UN/OSN or EU) (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADrov%C3%A9_poselstvo_Ji%C5%99%C3%ADho_z_Pod%C4%9Bbrad).

Time of fall - Thirty Years' War
In 1618 Thirty Years' War started with Bohemian Revolt. Czech aristocrats states wanted to correct problems and mistakes of Royal Administrators so they talked about it they still supports the Emperor. Aristocrats appointed (after other 3 short term kings) Frederick V of the Palatinate as theirs king.

In 1620 after Battle of White Mountain, there has been 27 Czech aristocrats executed to crush a revolt against suzerain.
Until year 1623 there has been some intends of last of Czech aristocrats to battle from abroad and they were also supported enemies of their enemy.

Great loss
In 1627 there has been set German language to same level to Czech language in Kingdom of Bohemia.

As result of war Kingdom of Bohemia lost Higher and Lower Lusatia in 1635, towns were highly overburden by all possible taxes and debts from times of support of aristocrates during war so development has been almost stopped and again guilds were more coherent and stronger in compare to before war time.

Main result of this war has been losing any kind of (partial) independent of Kingdom of Bohemia for 300 years because of Habsburgs heirs became kings during this period.

Czech National Revival
In years 1775 to 1848 there has been started a cultural movement to renew previous status and importance of Czech as a national language of Kingdom of Bohemia. Main impulses were still stronger germanization of public space and declining amount of in Czech written literature and spoken word. Rulers were maintain Kingdom to state where front culture figures were not speak Czech, state officials speak with people only in German as same as military and scientists. The last stand of Czech written literature has been on grammar schools maintained by Jesuits.

In year 1773 in connection to Enlightenment movement the Jesuit Order has been dismantled and these school counts were almost reduced to a third and only one university in Prague stayed in kingdom but newly with German instead of Latin. University in Olomouc has been degraded to lower level school.

In year 1774 there compulsory school attendance has been introduced and near almost each rectory has been started a new elementary school with read, write and compute lessons.

In 1781 Patent of Toleration has been introduced which opened a place for other churches faith practices and after that also an Abolition of serfdom patent.

National Revival started firstly in Holy Roman Empire (Germany) which has been fragmented to small local states. These imagined an united German state (turner movement). Shortly after that a crowd of Czech "national buddies" - figures of culture started to spread idea of Czech language and its pride place inside Habsburg Monarchy. These people started to write new books (František Palacký, Václav Kliment Klicpera, Karel Hynek Mácha, Božena Němcová, Karel Havlíček Borovský), prepare scripts and perform theater plays not rarely in nomadic theaters (Josef Kajetán Tyl), lingvistic analysis (Josef Dobrovský, Josef Jungmann). There are founded Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences (predecessor of Czech(oslovak) Academy of Sciences in which it has been incorporated around year 1950). Václav Matěj Kramérius founded Česká expedice which has been main (at that time modern) publishing company of time of National Revival. A few decades later where Česká expedice has been managed by son of founder fall in bankrupt.

In 1848 there revolution named as Spring of Nations started by people revolts across whole Europe. These revolts were mainly crushed as same as in case of Prague June Uprising (Pražské červnové povstání; translated "on flow").

Short time of victory
In 1914 1st world war started by assasignation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo after acusations of Serbia state from side of Austria from weak efforts to find and forward the culprit to a court.

In 1918 after defeat of Habsburg Monarchy there has been fullfiled a diplomatic effort to nagotiate a new state. 28th October 1918 Czechoslovakia with President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk has been established with support of international coalition and common agreement of Czechs, Slovaks and Carpathian Ruthenia.

Thank you for staying to these end words. This article certainly deserves the continuation of where history goes with us further, I also owe some words to us Moravians and Silesians, but that is too much for one article. I believe you will forgive me that I hope you enjoyed this article. 🙂

Another language articles:
Canada: http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691213
Albania: http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691250
Spain: http://erepublik.com/es/article/2691273
Brazil: http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691275
Portugal: http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691284
Republic of China (Taiwan): http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691306
Chile: erepublik.com/es/article/2691330
Netherlands: http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691361
USA: http://erepublik.com/en/article/2691370
Croatia: erepublik.com/en/article/2691418
Greece: http://erepublik.com/gr/article/2691452