Hungarian cities which are outside of borders Part III. Romania

Day 2,218, 09:59 • Published in Hungary Hungary • by Mvhely
I write before, the names in romanian its only copy of original hungarian city names. Sometimes they do some funny translate. 🙂 For example: Szatmár = Satu Mare, pronunciation the same, the meaning is totally different: Hungarian name came from old hungarian personal name "Zothmar", Satu Mare : Big Village.
Little bit different. 😃

Oradea



Oradea ; German: Großwardein, Hungarian: Nagyvárad.
Nagyvárad is first mentioned in 1113, under the Latin name Varadinum.
City of Nagyvárad is considered to have been relatively unimportant until the 11th century when King Ladislaus I of Hungary founded a bishopric near it. The city flourished both economically and culturally during the 13th century. it was at this time that the Citadel of ONagyvárad, first mentioned in 1241 during the Mongol invasion.
Many works of art would be added to the city, including: statues of St. Stephen, Emeric and Ladislaus (before 1372) and the equestrian sculpture of St. Ladislaus (1390) were erected in Nagyvárad. St. Ladislaus' fabled statue was the first proto-renaissance public square equestrian in Europe. Bishop Andreas Báthori (1329–1345) rebuilt the cathedral in Gothic style.
In 1474 the city was captured by the Turks after a protracted siege.
After the Ottoman invasion of Hungary, in the 16th century, the city became a constant point of contention between the Principality of Transylvania, the Ottoman Empire, and the Habsburg Monarchy.
he city played a major role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, being the home of the largest Hungarian arms factory.
At the end of World War I, Nagyvárad, became a part of the Kingdom of Romania under the Treaty of Trianon. The Second Vienna Award in 1940 allowed Hungary to recover Northern Transylvania, including Nagyvárad, where mass of celebrators welcomed the Hungarian admistration.

After the World War II Hungary had to relinquish claims to it under the Treaty of Paris concluded on 10 February 1947.
1910 census: 64,169 Romanian: 5.6% ; Hungarian 91%.

Baia Mare



Baia Mare ; Hungarian: Nagybánya; German: Frauenbach.
Nagybánya is first mentioned in written documents released by Charles I of Hungary in 1328 under the name of Rivulus Dominarum (English: Ladies' River). In 1347 the town was identified in documents by Louis I of Hungary as an important medieval town with a prosperous mining industry. Its rules of organisation were characteristic of the "free towns" of that time. In 1411 the town and its surrounding areas, including the mines, were transferred into the property of the Hunyadi family by Sigismund, King of Hungary (later also Holy Roman Emperor), who recognised Janos Hunyadi's contribution to stop the Turkish invasion of Europe.
The town entered in a period of prosperity, during which the St. Stephen Cathedral was built.
In 1748 the city’s mining industry made a leap forward when the Austrian authorities created the headquarters of "Superior Mining".
In the late nineteenth century, it was known for the Nagybánya artists' colony, a group of young Hungarian artists who are considered very influential in the region's art culture.
Following World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved, and in 1919, Baia Mare became part of the Kingdom of Romania. It was re-occupied by Hungary between 1940-1944 under the Second Vienna Award between Hungary and Germany, during World War II.

After the war, the city was returned to Romania.
In 1912, 12877 people of 9992 were Hungarian , 2677 Romanian and German 175.

Timisoara

[img]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii,_The_Dome_and_votive_figure.JPG[/img]

Timișoara; German: Temeswar, also formerly Temeschburg or Temeschwar, Hungarian: Temesvár.

1212: Castrum Temesiensis,castrum regium Themes
1266: terra castri de Tymes, castrenses de Tymes
1315: Temeswar
1315: Themuswar
1323: castrum nostrum (regis) de Thumuswar
1349: Temesuar, Tömösvar, Temesvar
1440: Themeswar
1596: Temeswar
1808: Temesvarinum, Temesvár, Temeschwar, Timisioára
1867–1918: Temesvár
after (only) 1918: Timişoara
Temesvár was first mentioned as a place in either 1212 or 1266. The territory later to be known as Banat was conquered and annexed by the Kingdom of Hungary in 1030. Timișoara grew considerably during the reign of Charles I( hungarian king), who, upon his visit here in 1307, ordered the construction of a royal palace.
John Hunyadi established a permanent military encampment here, and moved here together with his family. In 1552, a 16,000 Ottoman army conquered the city and transformed it into a capital city in the region. The local military commander, Stefan Losonczy, was captured and beheaded on July 27, 1552 after resisting the Ottoman invasion with just over 2,300 men.
During this period, Temesvár was home to a large Islamic community and produced famous historical figures such as Osman Aga of Temesvar.
It was the first mainland European city to be lit by electric street lamps in 1884.
It was also the second European with horse-drawn trams in 1867.

In 1910, 60551 people of 19162 were Hungarian , 6312 Romanian and German 30892.

Cluj-Napoca



Cluj-Napoca; German: Klausenburg; Hungarian: Kolozsvár.

The first written mention of the city's current name – as a Royal Borough – was in 1213 under the Medieval Latin name Castrum Clus. Despite the fact that Clus as a county name was recorded in the 1173 document Thomas comes Clusiensis.
The Hungarian form, first recorded in 1246 as Kulusuar, underwent various phonetic changes over the years (uar/vár means "castle" in Hungarian); the variant Koloswar first appears in a document from 1332. Its Saxon name Clusenburg/Clusenbvrg appeared in 1348, but from 1408 the form Clausenburg was used. The Romanian name of the city used to be spelled alternately as Cluj or Cluş, the latter being the case in Mihai Eminescu's Poesis. In 1974, the Romanian Communist authorities added "-Napoca".

Two groups of buildings existed on the current site of the city: the wooden fortress at Cluj-Mănăştur (Kolozsmonostor) and the civilian settlement developed around the current city centre.
The city became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. King Stephen I. made the city the seat of the castle county of Kolozs, and King Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary founded the abbey of Kolozsmonostor, destroyed during the Tatar invasions in 1241 and 1285.
The first reliable mention of the settlement dates from 1275, in a document of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, when the village (Villa Kulusvar) was granted to the Bishop of Transylvania.On August 19, 1316, during the rule of the new king, Charles I of Hungary,Kolozsvár was granted the status of a city.
Through the privilege granted by Sigismund of Luxembourg in 1405, the city opted out from the jurisdiction of voivodes, vice-voivodes and royal judges, and obtained the right to elect a twelve-member jury every year. In 1488, King Matthias Corvinus (born in Klausenburg in 1440) ordered that the centumvirate—the city council, consisting of one hundred men—be half composed from the homines bone conditiones (the wealthy people), with craftsmen supplying the other half; together they would elect the chief judge and the jury. Meanwhile, an agreement was reached providing that half of the representatives on this city council were to be drawn from the Hungarian, half from the Saxon population, and that judicial offices were to be held on a rotating basis.

In the 17th century, Cluj suffered from great calamities, suffering from epidemics of the plague and devastating fires.
Beginning in 1830, the city became the centre of the Hungarian national movement within the principality. This erupted with the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

After the Treaty of Trianon Kolozsvár become part of Romania.
The interwar years saw the new authorities embark on a "Romanianisation" campaign: a Capitoline Wolf statue donated by Rome was set up in 1921; in 1932 a plaque written by historian Nicolae Iorga was placed on Matthias Corvinus's statue, emphasising his paternal Romanian paternal ancestry; and construction of an imposing Orthodox cathedral began, in a city where only about a tenth of the inhabitants belonged to the Orthodox state church.
This endeavour had only mixed results: by 1939, Hungarians still dominated local economic cultural life: for instance, Kolozsvár had five Hungarian daily newspapers and just one in Romanian.
In 1940, Cluj, along with the rest of Northern Transylvania, became part of Hungary through the Second Vienna Award.


On October 11, 1944 the city was captured by Romanian and Soviet troops. It was formally restored to the Kingdom of Romania by the Treaty of Paris in 1947.
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 produced a powerful echo within the city; there was a real possibility that demonstrations by students sympathizing with their peers across the border could escalate into an uprising.

1910 census 62,733 people Romanian 14.2% Hungarian 81.6%.

Transsylvania today: