ЧЕСТИТ ИЛИНДЕН МАКЕДОНЦИ! [ILINDEN UPRISING]

Day 1,717, 05:55 • Published in USA North Macedonia • by Aminta Makedonecot



The Ilinden uprising (called after Ilinden - St. Ilija's Day - 2 August) was a turning-point in the national and revolutionary struggle of the Macedonian people. In range and character it was a true national revolution with deep political and social implications.
It began on 2 August 1903, and soon spread over the whole of Macedonia, albeit not everywhere with the same intensity. The fiercest fighting went on first in the area around Bitola, then in Ohrid, Kicevo, Lerin, Prilep, and other regions, with less pronounced fighting in the Solun, Seres, Skopje and Odrin districts. The towns of Krusevo, Nevska and Klisura were captured.
Other nationalities living in Macedonia also took part in the Ilinden Uprising, which increased its popular and democratic character.
On 3 August 1903, the rebels took the town of Krusevo and established a revolutionary government. They proclaimed the Krusevo Republic, which was the first ever in the Balkans. The Republic lasted 10 days, from August 3 - 13, and had as its President Nikola Karev, a well-known Macedonian revolutionary and socialist.
From among the various nationalities who lived in this part of Macedonia (Macedonian's, Vlach's and some Albanian's), a Republican Council was elected with 60 members - 20 representatives of each nationality. The Council chose an executive body, called the Provisional Government, with six members (2 from each nationality), whose duty it was to ensure law and order and see to such things as supplies, finances, and medical care. The "Krusevo Manifesto" was published. Written by Nikola Karev himself, it outlined the aims of the Uprising, calling upon the population to join forces with the government in the struggle against tyranny and enslavement to attain freedom and independence.



A surprised Turkish government took extensive military measures to quell the uprising: 176,000 soldiers, 3,700 mounted troops and 444 cannon's were sent to Macedonia. After fierce and heroic battles near Sliva and Meckin Kamen, the Turkish forces managed to destroy the Krusevo Republic and showed their customary cruelty in dealing with the rebels in Krusevo and other places. As a result, 201 communities were wiped out, 12,400 houses burned to the ground, more than 70,000 people were left homeless, and 8,816 were killed. Although some 30,000 people fled their homes to avoid reprisal's, the toll was indeed heavy.

The Uprising aroused great interest in Europe. Newspapers followed the course of events with close attention and great sympathy. They printed details of the cruel mass reprisals carried out by the Turks on the inhabitants in rebel strongholds. A powerful wave of protest followed; among the leading spokeman were Lav Tolstoy, Maxim Gorki, Anatole France, Jean Jaures, Victor Berard, Arthur Evans, Henry Brailsford, Georges Clemenceau and others.

In Britain, France, Italy and America, " Macedonian Committees " were set up, and organised mass meetings of support for the Macedonian rebels. Similar action was taken in Russia, Romania, and some other countries around the world.
Following the failure of this uprising, the Macedonian revolutionaries made an effort to close the ranks. At the Rila Congress (held in 1905 in Rila Monastery in Pirin Macedonia), despite differences of interest between the two sides, there was general condemnation of outside interference particularly by the Bulgarian Court, and the ultimate goal - the liberation of Macedonia - was confirmed.

*Little do people know that ILINDEN (St. Ilija's Day - 2 August) is the most striking and celebrated day of the Macedonians long before the year of 1903.
Macedonians through the history tended to fight their decesive battles on this holly day (2 August) - St. Ilija's Day!
Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) is one of the oldest proof of that!



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chaeronea_(338_BC)




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